{"id":135688,"date":"2025-03-31T14:43:35","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T06:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/135688\/"},"modified":"2025-03-31T14:43:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T06:43:37","slug":"vang-bi-lang-quen-bot-danh-bong-dat-hiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/135688\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e0ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean: b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “vua c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng”. Ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 70% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1eb7n th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u1ea3i, m\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7y tinh t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, da m\u00e0i (polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1) t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 50%. C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n

(1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn. Do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea3i, n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u00e1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Yang Zhiren v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a axit styrenephosphonic l\u00e0 5, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i oxit xeri v\u00e0 oxit lanthan sau khi tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1t 95%, trong khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i canxi florua v\u00e0 fluoroapatite ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a 20%. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5 micron c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Mishima v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9n b\u1ed9t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 20 mm\/gi\u00e2y, th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u00e0 30 ph\u00fat, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f9n l\u00e0 5% v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a b\u00f9n l\u00e0 3, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch cerium dioxide v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft b\u00f4ng s\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 80%. N\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gradient ngang v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 dung d\u1ecbch MnCl2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, silicon<\/a> dioxide v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m oxit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi cerium dioxide.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Takahashi v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh b\u00f9n b\u1ed9t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u1eafng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -10\u00b0C, sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 25\u00b0C. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i sau khi h\u00f2a tan axit v\u00e0 rang ki\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm cao, nh\u01b0ng quy tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao. Axit m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. (1) X\u1eed l\u00fd ki\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f4m oxit v\u00e0 silic dioxit l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 4 mol\/L \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong 1 gi\u1edd \u1edf 60\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t silic dioxit v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m oxit trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

(2) X\u1eed l\u00fd axit<\/p>\n

Khi thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, axit nitric, axit sunfuric v\u00e0 axit clohydric th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m chi\u1ebft. Xeri dioxit, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, h\u00f2a tan nh\u1eb9 trong axit sunfuric.<\/p>\n

(3) Chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t axit h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu CeO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng axit, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed Ce4+ th\u00e0nh Ce3+, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed H2O2 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t axit clohydric t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm cerium l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":135652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135689,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135688\/revisions\/135689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}