{"id":136160,"date":"2025-07-28T15:48:18","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T07:48:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136160\/"},"modified":"2025-07-28T15:48:18","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T07:48:18","slug":"nhom-oxit-vi-cuu-tinh-cua-vat-lieu-pin-cathode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136160\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00f4m oxit, “v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh” c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u pin Cathode"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, l\u1edbp ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ecf pin. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong pin lithium-ion, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lithium coban oxit (LiCoO2), lithium mangan oxit (LiMn2O4), lithium s\u1eaft phosphate (LiFePO4) v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (Li-Ni-Co-Mn-O) l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a cho pin lithium-ion, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 pha t\u1ea1p, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Alumina c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 alumina tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Al2O3 l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed hydro florua (HF)<\/p>\n

LiPF6 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra HF.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Al2O3 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a pin lithium, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng oxy m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ion lithium<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00f4m oxit kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n electron v\u00e0 ion t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lithium c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra LiAlO2, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ion t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ion lithium. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do LiAlO2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ion lithium.<\/p>\n

(5) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi LiPF6 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n LiPO2F2<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f4m oxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i lithium (LiPF6) trong ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

(6) \u1ee8c ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Jahn-Teller<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Jahn-Teller l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c ion Mn trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion lithium, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9m: Th\u00eam v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c sol ch\u1ee9a ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 nung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 alumina.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a: Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m nitrat ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m clorua, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 alumina b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc, r\u1eeda, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4: Nh\u00f4m oxit v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u00f4 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00fan x\u1ea1: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00fan x\u1ea1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ion Ar+ \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (Al), do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Al b\u1ecb ph\u00fan x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (ALD): S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trimethylaluminum v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00f4m, oxit nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 ALD.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 alumina tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}