{"id":136269,"date":"2025-08-25T15:08:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136269\/"},"modified":"2025-08-25T15:08:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:08:14","slug":"co-che-hoat-dong-cua-oxit-dat-hiem-trong-vat-lieu-chiu-lua-magie-canxi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136269\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y) l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng theo s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t electron orbital s v\u00e0 d ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb +3, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb +3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean 2000\u00b0C v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a electron v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn ion \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion oxy trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng oxy, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn ion oxy.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a electron 4f, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ion l\u1edbn, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. G\u1ed1m b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng pha t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh trong luy\u1ec7n kim, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t quang. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng pha t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha tinh th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi. C\u00f3 ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi. (1) Ph\u1ee5 gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi th\u01b0\u1eddng cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi. (2) Oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c. (3) Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh pha t\u1ea1p oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Vi\u1ec7c pha t\u1ea1p oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda lu\u00f4n thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00e1t magie canxi kh\u00f3 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m ZrO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, v.v.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha tinh th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai khi g\u00e3y, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda magie-canxi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136269"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136269\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}