{"id":136458,"date":"2025-10-13T15:40:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T07:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136458\/"},"modified":"2025-10-13T15:40:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T07:40:31","slug":"lam-the-nao-de-sua-doi-be-mat-bot-silicon-nitride","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136458\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t silicon nitride?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t silicon nitride ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t silicon nitride, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

1. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c oxit ho\u1eb7c hydroxit th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cho b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac g\u1ed1m th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00f9n g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u1ea5p. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u00f9n. Vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m (x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1ed9t silicon nitride b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch axit ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u1eed l\u00fd ki\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Wang Yongming v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng r\u1eeda ki\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silanol tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t silicon carbide, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

3. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1m. Lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1m. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n polyme, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation v\u00e0 anion.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n polyme bao g\u1ed3m axit polyvinyl sulfonic, axit polyacrylic, polyvinyl pyridine v\u00e0 polyethyleneimine. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t (l\u1ef1c van der Waals v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

4. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl trong b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydrocarbon, nh\u00f3m alkyl m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m cycloalkyl. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c polyme \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t silicon nitride, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polyme d\u00e0i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t, trong khi c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polyme d\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u00f9n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}