{"id":136596,"date":"2025-12-01T16:08:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136596\/"},"modified":"2025-12-01T16:08:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:08:45","slug":"nhom-hydroxit-tai-sao-khong-the-su-dung-truc-tiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136596\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00f4m hydroxit: T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hydroxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u01a1\u2014nh\u00f4m hydroxit (Al(OH)3, ATH)\u2014c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Khi ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 polyme. Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATH l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, v\u00e0 ATH \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00f4 c\u01a1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y sau<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m hydroxit (ATH) v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ATH \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 polyme.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ATH ch\u1ee9a ba nh\u00f3m hydroxyl (-OH), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c cao. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 polyme, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f4m hydroxit c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00f4m hydroxit<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c bao b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac composite l\u00f5i-v\u1ecf. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ed9t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u1edbi polyme \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u sang \u01b0a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u0103ng \u00e1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, silan, titanat v\u00e0 aluminat.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t anion, cation v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ion, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o b\u1eadc cao v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, ancol, amin v\u00e0 este c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m alkyl m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyme, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m carboxyl, ether v\u00e0 amino \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f4m hydroxit bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y nh\u00f4m hydroxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 oxy, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00e1y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3i sinh ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y; ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/p>\n

ATH ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafng t\u1ef1 do xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ATH tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ATH \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ed1t trong d\u1ea7u (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 parafin l\u1ecfng).<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

ATH ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (-OH), cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafng t\u1ef1 do trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, ATH c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n d\u1ea7u b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (-OH) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ATH c\u00e0ng cao, v\u00e0 ATH bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(3) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam d\u1ea7u th\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ATH v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, ATH, do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u th\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 d\u1ea7u, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ATH trong polyme v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m hydroxit (ATH) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ATH \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 polyme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}