{"id":136886,"date":"2026-02-24T13:34:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T05:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136886\/"},"modified":"2026-02-24T13:34:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T05:34:13","slug":"ba-phuong-phap-cai-tien-pho-bien-cho-bentonit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136886\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho bentonit"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bentonit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn-l\u1ecfng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bentonit bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bentonit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bentonit, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia.<\/p>\n

I. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bentonit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit h\u00f3a, ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nung v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

(1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd bentonit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng axit c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c cation Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+ v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cation kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp bentonit chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tinh th\u1ec3 montmorillonit, t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u1ed1p v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1edbi vi x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c axit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m axit sulfuric v\u00e0 axit clohydric.<\/p>\n

(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nung<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nung bao g\u1ed3m nung bentonit \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng, bentonit m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 do m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung 400-450\u2103 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian nung; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian nung qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bentonit.<\/p>\n

(3) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c halogenua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Na, Mg, Al v\u00e0 Fe, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nitrat, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd bentonit. C\u00e1c cation kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n silic-oxy \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a bentonit. V\u00ec c\u00e1c cation n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a bentonit y\u1ebfu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a bentonit.<\/p>\n

II. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh natri th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m Na\u2082CO\u2083 v\u00e0 NaCl. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion, trong \u0111\u00f3 Na\u207a thay th\u1ebf Ca\u00b2\u207a trong l\u1edbp xen k\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ion Na\u207a h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tinh th\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 Cd\u00b2\u207a b\u1eb1ng bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi v\u00e0 bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi v\u00e0 bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 2,96 mg\/g v\u00e0 8,45 mg\/g. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 Cd\u00b2\u207a c\u1ee7a bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng natri l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi bentonit g\u1ed1c canxi.<\/p>\n

III. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia<\/p>\n

Bentonit bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: bentonit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, bentonit li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 bentonit h\u1eefu c\u01a1-li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh bentonit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i carbon l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 12 (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 CTAB v\u00e0 CTAC) v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a bentonit li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o ra bentonit li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0o bentonit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh bentonit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bentonit bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5 gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: bentonit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, bentonit li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 bentonit h\u1eefu c\u01a1-li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136886\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}