{"id":136984,"date":"2026-03-24T11:13:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T03:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/136984\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T11:13:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T03:13:37","slug":"bac-thay-thanh-loc-trong-doi-song-thuong-nhat-than-hoat-tinh-dang-bot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/136984\/","title":{"rendered":"“B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thanh l\u1ecdc” trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u2014 Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t (PAC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 micromet\u2014th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9t m\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh than h\u00f3a (nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxy \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 400\u2013600\u00b0C) v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800\u20131000\u00b0C), b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1c vi mao qu\u1ea3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 500 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 m\u00b2\/g\u2014ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t gam than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi mao qu\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “nam ch\u00e2m”, nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, so v\u1edbi than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 (c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u1ecf d\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7), lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c than \u0111\u00e1 (c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb than bitum ho\u1eb7c than antraxit), v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t (c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 \u00f3c ch\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 m\u01a1). Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c than \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: T\u1eeb L\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m\u2014N\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i
\nPh\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung; s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf\u2014ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tinh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

I. X\u1eed l\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 Tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc
\nX\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 hay n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3 ra, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thanh l\u1ecdc” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

II. Ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
\nNhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y\u2014ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eafng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m\u2014\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “x\u1eed l\u00fd tinh ch\u1ebf” s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed m\u00e0u v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eafng, sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u00f9i l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch, qua \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eafng tinh khi\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 150 IU xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 IU, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5 kg cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

III. L\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 H\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng
\nNgo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i\u2014nh\u01b0 formaldehyde, benzene, toluene v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i (VOCs)\u2014t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi s\u1eeda sang v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u00f9i h\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, dioxin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t; tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t: Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u03bcm, trong khi than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 mm.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (d\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t l\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (fixed-bed column) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean (t\u00e1i sinh) th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 \u03bcm, trong khi than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 mm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":136957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136984\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/136957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}