{"id":137151,"date":"2026-05-26T14:37:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:37:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/137151\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T14:37:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:37:42","slug":"cac-ung-dung-cua-nguyen-to-dat-hiem-trong-vat-lieu-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/137151\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm-coban, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c neodymi-s\u1eaft-bor\u2014v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb d\u01b0 cao, l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb cao v\u00e0 t\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i cao\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 ferrite d\u1ea1ng garnet, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 oxit s\u1eaft, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Yttri-nh\u00f4m-garnet v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh neodymi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb oxit neodymi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u laser th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t hexaborua \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u catot ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. H\u1ee3p kim lantan-niken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hydro, v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, lantan-cromit \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c oxit g\u1ed1c bari \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng bari, yttri, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 oxy; c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a t\u00ednh si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

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H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang (phosphor) d\u00f9ng cho tivi m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu, m\u00e0n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ba m\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n cho m\u00e1y photocopy. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nitrat \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b5% \u0111\u1ebfn 10%. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may, clorua \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c da l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, nhu\u1ed9m da l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, nhu\u1ed9m s\u1ee3i len v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m th\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t may, clorua \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c da l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, nhu\u1ed9m l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, nhu\u1ed9m s\u1ee3i len v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m th\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":137126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137151\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/137126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}