{"id":137345,"date":"2026-09-21T11:34:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T03:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/137345\/"},"modified":"2026-09-21T11:34:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T03:34:53","slug":"dac-tinh-chuc-nang-cua-bay-nhom-chat-phan-tan-pho-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/137345\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i polymer l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a polymer, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: anion, cation, phi ion, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1ea1ng polymer v\u00e0 si\u00eau ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (hyper-dispersant).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n Anion<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n anion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n anion bao g\u1ed3m hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch hydrocarbon \u01b0a d\u1ea7u (k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n Cation<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cation th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch hydrocarbon \u01b0a d\u1ea7u; c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cation th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed9i than (carbon black) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n Phi ion<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n phi ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ion h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt\u2014v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ion (anion\/cation)\u2014ch\u00fang v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi pH, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n phi ion ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p ethylene oxide v\u1edbi acid b\u00e9o (R-COO(CH2CH2O)nH), c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t polyethyleneimine ((NHCH2CH2)nNH2) v\u00e0 polyethylene glycol polyol (HO(CH2CH2O)nH).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n L\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Polymer l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 polyampholyte, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 monomer cation v\u00e0 anion.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m carboxylate v\u00e0 sulfonate; trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i carboxylate, lo\u1ea1i d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bacid amin v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i betaine l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m (anion) v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng (cation) x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nhau; to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Oleylamino oleate l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1ea1ng polymer: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m polymer \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1ea1ng polymer c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u1ea1ng polymer ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m copolymer c\u1ee7a axit (meth)acrylic v\u00e0 (meth)acrylate, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c polyether c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb axit polyhydroxystearic. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo ba c\u00e1ch: gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc, gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc xen k\u1ebd nhau.<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (Hyperdispersants)<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c copolymer kh\u1ed1i (block copolymer) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m neo gi\u1eef (anchoring groups) trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 titan dioxide v\u00e0 xanh phthalocyanine\u2014\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u00e1i l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: anion, cation, phi ion, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n, polymer v\u00e0 si\u00eau ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (hyper-dispersant).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":137320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/137320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}